Where are selected ringtone configuration is stored?

I noted in Android 5.1.1 and 5.0.2 (both from CM builds) and 4.2.1 that detail about user configured ringtone and notification sounds is stored in the table system of a database of Settings Providers/Storage app, /data/data/com.android.providers.settings/databases/settings.db. In Android 6.0.1, the location is /data/system/users/0/settings_system.xml or a relative one in an encrypted device.

You can use content tool to see it yourself. You would need adb setup in PC to get the detail easily. Here's what you can try:

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Note: the lines starting with echo are for the purpose of explaining what I'm doing with the consecutive command. Avoid executing them when testing this solution.