SQLDelight
SQLDelight generates Java models from your SQL CREATE TABLE statements. These models give you a typesafe API to read & write the rows of your tables. It helps you to keep your SQL statements together, organized, and easy to access from Java.
Example
To use SQLDelight, put your SQL statements in a .sq file, like src/main/sqldelight/com/example/HockeyPlayer.sq. Typically the first statement creates a table.
CREATE TABLE hockey_player (
_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
player_number INTEGER NOT NULL,
name TEXT NOT NULL );
-- Further SQL statements are proceeded by an identifier. selectAll: SELECT * FROM hockey_player; insertRow: INSERT INTO hockey_player(player_number, name) VALUES (?, ?);
From this SQLDelight will generate a HockeyPlayerModel Java interface with nested classes for reading and writing the database.
package com.example; public interface HockeyPlayerModel {
String TABLE_NAME = "hockey_player";
String _ID = "_id";
String PLAYER_NUMBER = "player_number";
String NAME = "name";
String CREATE_TABLE = ""
+ "CREATE TABLE hockey_player (\n"
+ " _id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\n"
+ " player_number INTEGER NOT NULL,\n"
+ " name TEXT NOT NULL\n"
+ ")";
long _id();
long player_number();
@NonNull
String name();
interface Creator<T extends HockeyPlayerModel> {
T create(long _id, long player_number, String name);
}
final class Factory<T extends HockeyPlayerModel> {
public Factory(Creator<T> creator);
public SQLDelightStatement selectAll();
public RowMapper<T> selectAllMapper();
}
final class InsertRow {
public static final String table = "hockey_player";
public final SQLiteStatement program;
public InsertRow(SQLiteDatabase db);
public void bind(long player_number, String name);
}
}
AutoValue
Using Google's AutoValue you can minimally make implementations of the model:
@AutoValue public abstract class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(new Creator<HockeyPlayer>() {
@Override public HockeyPlayer create(long _id, long player_number, String name) {
return new AutoValue_HockeyPlayer(_id, player_number, name);
}
}
);
public static final RowMapper<HockeyPlayer> SELECT_ALL_MAPPER = FACTORY.selectAllMapper();
}
If you are also using Retrolambda the anonymous class can be replaced by a method reference:
@AutoValue public abstract class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer::new);
public static final RowMapper<HockeyPlayer> SELECT_ALL_MAPPER = FACTORY.selectAllMapper();
}
Consuming Code
Queries will have functions generated on the factory for creating the query and mapping yor Cursor set to java objects.
public List<HockeyPlayer> allPlayers(SQLiteDatabase db) {
List<HockeyPlayer> result = new ArrayList<>();
SQLDelightStatement query = HockeyPlayer.FACTORY.selectAll();
try (Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args)) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
result.add(HockeyPlayer.SELECT_ALL_MAPPER.map(cursor));
}
}
return result;
}
SQL Statement Arguments/Bind Args
.sq files use the exact same syntax as SQLite, including SQLite Bind Args. If a statement contains bind args, a type safe method will be generated on the Factory which returns a SqlDelightStatement containing fields for the query string, query args, and tables being queried.
selectByNumber: SELECT * FROM hockey_player WHERE player_number = ?;SqlDelightStatement query = HockeyPlayer.FACTORY.selectByNumber(10);
Cursor coreyPerry = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args);
Sets of values can also be passed as an argument.
selectByNames: SELECT * FROM hockey_player WHERE name IN ?;SqlDelightStatement query = HockeyPlayer.FACTORY.selectByNames(new String[] {
"Alec", "Jake", "Matt"
}
);
Cursor players = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args);
Named parameters or indexed parameters can be used.
firstOrLastName: SELECT * FROM hockey_player WHERE name LIKE '%' || ?1 OR name LIKE ?1 || '%';SqlDelightStatement query = HockeyPlayer.FACTORY.firstOrLastName("Perry");
Cursor players = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args);
Compiled Statements
Inserts, Updates, and Deletes that are executed multiple times during your application's runtime should be compiled once beforehand and have arguments bound to them for each independent call.
SQLDelight generates a typesafe class for any statements which should be compiled.
updateNumber: UPDATE hockey_player SET player_number = ? WHERE name = ?;interface PlayerModel {
class UpdateNumber {
public static final table = "hockey_player";
public final SQLiteStatement program;
public UpdateNumber(SQLiteDatabase db);
public void bind(int player_number, String name);
}
}
Compiling the statement requires passing a writable copy of your database which can be retrieved from your OpenHelper
class PlayerManager {
private final Player.UpdateNumber updateNumber;
public PlayerManager(SQLiteOpenHelper helper) {
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
updateNumber = new Player.UpdateNumber(db);
}
}
Executing the statement can be done using the SQLiteStatement field of the generated class.
updateNumber.bind(9, "Bobby Ryan");
int updated = updateNumber.program.executeUpdateDelete();
Projections
Each select statement will have an interface and mapper generated for it, as well as a method on the factory to create a new instance of the mapper.
playerNames: SELECT name FROM hockey_player;Selects that only return a single value do not require a custom type to be mapped. The generated file will only contain a new method on the factory.
interface HockeyPlayerModel {
...
final class Factory<T extends HockeyPlayerModel> {
...
public SQLDelightStatement playerNames();
public RowMapper<String> playerNamesMapper();
}
}
Referencing the mapper is done the same as when you select an entire table.
@AutoValue public abstract class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer::new);
public static final RowMapper<String> PLAYER_NAMES_MAPPER = FACTORY.player_namesMapper();
public List<String> playerNames(SQLiteDatabase db) {
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
SQLDelightStatement query = FACTORY.playerNames();
try (Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args)) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
names.add(PLAYER_NAMES_MAPPER.map(cursor));
}
}
return names;
}
}
Selects that return multiple result columns generate a custom model, mapper, and factory method for the query.
namesForNumber: SELECT player_number, group_concat(name) FROM hockey_player GROUP BY player_number;generates:
interface HockeyPlayerModel {
...
interface NamesForNumberModel {
long player_number();
String group_concat_name();
}
interface NamesForNumberCreator<T extends NamesForNumberModel> {
T create(long player_number, String group_concat_name);
}
final class NamesForNumberMapper<T extends NamesForNumberModel> implements RowMapper<T> {
...
}
final class Factory<T extends HockeyPlayerModel> {
...
public SQLDelightStatement namesForNumber();
public <R extends NamesForNumberModel> NamesForNumberMapper<R> namesForNumberMapper(
NamesForNumberCreator<R> creator
) {
return new NamesForNumberMapper<R>(creator);
}
}
}
Referencing the mapper requires an implementation of the result set type.
@AutoValue public abstract class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer::new);
public static final RowMapper<NamesForNumber> NAMES_FOR_NUMBER_MAPPER =
FACTORY.names_for_numberMapper(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer_NamesForNumber::new);
public Map<Integer, String[]> namesForNumber(SQLiteDatabase db) {
Map<Integer, String[]> namesForNumberMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
SQLDelightStatement query = FACTORY.namesForNumber();
try (Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args)) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
NamesForNumber namesForNumber = NAMES_FOR_NUMBER_MAPPER.map(cursor);
namesForNumberMap.put(namesForNumber.player_number(), namesForNumber.names());
}
}
return namesForNumberMap;
}
@AutoValue
public abstract static class NamesForNumber implements NamesForNumberModel<NamesForNumber> {
public String[] names() {
return group_concat_names().split(",");
}
}
}
Types
SQLDelight column definition are identical to regular SQLite column definitions but support an extra column constraint which specifies the java type of the column in the generated interface. SQLDelight natively supports the same types that Cursor and ContentValues expect:
CREATE TABLE some_types (
some_long INTEGER,
-- Stored as INTEGER in db, retrieved as Long
some_double REAL,
-- Stored as REAL in db, retrieved as Double
some_string TEXT,
-- Stored as TEXT in db, retrieved as String
some_blob BLOB,
-- Stored as BLOB in db, retrieved as byte[]
some_int INTEGER AS Integer, -- Stored as INTEGER in db, retrieved as Integer
some_short INTEGER AS Short, -- Stored as INTEGER in db, retrieved as Short
some_float REAL AS Float
-- Stored as REAL in db, retrieved as Float );
Booleans
SQLDelight supports boolean columns and stores them in the db as ints. Since they are implemented as ints they can be given int column constraints:
CREATE TABLE hockey_player (
injured INTEGER AS Boolean DEFAULT 0 )Custom Classes
If you'd like to retrieve columns as custom types you can specify the java type as a sqlite string:
import java.util.Calendar; CREATE TABLE hockey_player (
birth_date INTEGER AS Calendar NOT NULL )However, creating a Marshal or Factory will require you to provide a ColumnAdapter which knows how to map between the database type and your custom type:
public class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
private static final ColumnAdapter<Calendar, Long> CALENDAR_ADAPTER = new ColumnAdapter<>() {
@Override public Calendar decode(Long databaseValue) {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTimeInMillis(databaseValue);
return calendar;
}
@Override public Long encode(Calendar value) {
return value.getTimeInMillis();
}
}
;
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(new Creator<>() {
}
,
CALENDAR_ADAPTER);
}
Enums
As a convenience the SQLDelight runtime includes a ColumnAdapter for storing an enum as TEXT.
import com.example.hockey.HockeyPlayer; CREATE TABLE hockey_player (
position TEXT AS HockeyPlayer.Position )public class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public enum Position {
CENTER, LEFT_WING, RIGHT_WING, DEFENSE, GOALIE
}
private static final ColumnAdapter<Position, String> POSITION_ADAPTER = EnumColumnAdapter.create(Position.class);
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(new Creator<>() {
}
,
POSITION_ADAPTER);
}
Views
Views receive the same treatment in generated code as tables with their own model interface.
names_view: CREATE VIEW names AS SELECT substr(name, 0, instr(name, ' ')) AS first_name,
substr(name, instr(name, ' ') + 1) AS last_name,
_id FROM hockey_player; selectNames: SELECT * FROM names;generates:
interface HockeyPlayerModel {
...
interface NamesModel {
String first_name();
String last_name();
long _id();
}
interface NamesCreator<T extends NamesModel> {
T create(String first_name, String last_name, long _id);
}
final class NamesMapper<T extends NamesModel> implements RowMapper<T> {
...
}
final class Factory<T extends HockeyPlayerModel> {
public SQLDelightStatement selectNames();
public <R extends NamesModel> NamesMapper<R> selectNamesMapper(NamesCreator<R> creator) {
return new NamesMapper<R>(creator);
}
}
}
Referencing the mapper requires an implementation of the view model.
@AutoValue public abstract class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer::new);
public static final RowMapper<NamesForNumber> SELECT_NAMES_MAPPER =
FACTORY.select_namesMapper(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer_Names::new);
public List<Names> names(SQLiteDatabase) {
List<Names> names = new ArrayList<>();
SQLDelightStatement query = new SQLDelightStatement();
try (Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args)) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
names.add(SELECT_NAMES_MAPPER.map(cursor));
}
}
return names;
}
@AutoValue
public abstract class Names implements NamesModel {
}
}
Join Projections
Selecting from multiple tables via joins also requires an implementation class.
selectAllInfo: SELECT * FROM hockey_player JOIN names USING (_id);
generates:
interface HockeyPlayerModel {
...
interface SelectAllInfoModel<T1 extends HockeyPlayerModel, V4 extends NamesModel> {
T1 hockey_player();
V4 names();
}
interface SelectAllInfoCreator<T1 extends HockeyPlayerModel, V4 extends NamesModel, T extends SelectAllInfoModel<T1, V4>> {
T create(T1 hockey_player, V4 names);
}
final class SelectAllInfoMapper<T1 extends HockeyPlayerModel, V4 extends NamesModel, T extends SelectAllInfoModel<T1, V4>> implements RowMapper<T> {
...
}
final class Factory<T extends HockeyPlayerModel> {
public SQLDelightStatement selectAllInfo();
public <V4 extends NamesModel, R extends SelectAllInfoModel<T, V4>> SelectAllInfoMapper<T, V4, R> selectAllInfoMapper(SelectAllInfoCreator<T, V4, R> creator, NamesCreator<V4> namesCreator);
}
}
implementation:
@AutoValue public abstract class HockeyPlayer implements HockeyPlayerModel {
public static final Factory<HockeyPlayer> FACTORY = new Factory<>(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer::new);
public static final RowMapper<AllInfo> SELECT_ALL_INFO_MAPPER =
FACTORY.select_all_infoMapper(AutoValue_HockeyPlayer_AllInfo::new,
AutoValue_HockeyPlayer_Names::new);
public List<AllInfo> allInfo(SQLiteDatabase db) {
List<AllInfo> allInfoList = new ArrayList<>();
SQLDelightStatement query = FACTORY.selectAllInfo();
try (Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query.statement, query.args)) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
allInfoList.add(SELECT_ALL_INFO_MAPPER.map(cursor));
}
}
return allInfoList;
}
@AutoValue
public abstract class Names implements NamesModel {
}
@AutoValue
public abstract class AllInfo implements Select_all_infoModel<HockeyPlayer, Names> {
}
}
IntelliJ Plugin
The Intellij plugin provides language-level features for .sq files, including:
- Syntax highlighting
- Refactoring/Find usages
- Code autocompletion
- Generate
Modelfiles after edits - Right click to copy as valid SQLite
- Compiler errors in IDE click through to file
Download
For the Gradle plugin:
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.squareup.sqldelight:gradle-plugin:0.6.1'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.squareup.sqldelight'The Intellij plugin can be installed from Android Studio by navigating
Android Studio -> Preferences -> Plugins -> Browse repositories -> Search for SQLDelight
Snapshots of the development version (including the IDE plugin zip) are available in Sonatype's snapshots repository.
License
Copyright 2016 Square, Inc. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.